Anyone who has ever tried to lose weight knows that it's no fun to feel hungry - the drive to tame hunger pangs can sabotage even the best-intentioned dieter.

But how exactly is it that fasting creates these uncomfortable feelings and consuming food takes them away? 

Working to unravel the complex wiring system that underlies this intense physiological state, investigators at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), have identified a long-sought component of this complicated neural network.

Reluctance to share data about personal energy use is likely to be a major obstacle when implementing 'smart' technologies designed to monitor use and support energy efficient behaviors, according to new research led by academics at The University of Nottingham.

The study, published online by the journal Nature Climate Change, found that while more than half of people quizzed would be willing to reduce their personal energy consumption, some were wary about sharing their information with third parties.

Many experimental and clinical data have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistance pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), may play a vital role in priming chronic inflammation. There is thus a great need to develop novel antibacterial materials, and particularly those that are less likely to lead to bacterial resistance.

Now, in a paper appearing recently in Science Bulletin, a team of scientists at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, led by Guangjun Nie and Yuliang Zhao, has designed and synthesized bio-compatible and biodegradable ε-poly-lysine (EPL)/poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs), which have effective antibacterial activity and no significant cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.

River deltas, low-lying landforms that host critical and diverse ecosystems as well as high concentrations of human population, face an uncertain future. Even as some deltas experience decreased sediment supply from damming, others will see increased sediment discharge from land-use changes. Accurate estimates of the current rate of subsidence in the Mississippi Delta (southern USA) are important for planning wetland restoration and predictions of storm surge flooding.

A team of high school students analyzed data from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and discovered a never-before-seen pulsar which has the widest orbit of any around a neutron star - one among only a handful of double neutron star systems.

Pulsars are rapidly spinning neutron stars, the superdense remains of massive stars that have exploded as supernovas. As a pulsar spins, lighthouse-like beams of radio waves, streaming from the poles of its powerful magnetic field, sweep through space.

When one of these beams sweeps across the Earth, radio telescopes can capture the pulse of radio waves.

Psychologists have postulated that blaming victims, such as saying 'you were in the wrong place at the wrong time', is a defense mechanism that helps blamers feel the world is still just even when there is evidence it's not.

Therapeutic hypothermia has been successfully used to improve survival chances and reduce the risk of brain injury in adults after cardiac arrest and in newborn infants suffering from lack of oxygen but a large-scale study on the impact of body cooling in infants or children who have had cardiac arrest had not been done.

Automated organization, multi-RAT and multi-layer heterogeneous networks are being listed in mobile of 2020, at least by the kinds of committees that brought us bluetooth 7 years late. It's the 5G era, what vendors say will be the first meaningful unified wideband mobile communication system. 

A new paper suggests a need for a fundamental rethink of the evolutionary path of enzymes, the proteins vital to all life on Earth.

Enzymes catalyze a vast array of biologically relevant chemical reactions even in the simplest living cells but biochemist Dr. Wayne Patrick of University of Otago and colleagues assert that while people tend to imagine evolution as a slow and steady march, from barely functional life forms in the primordial soup towards a modern-day pinnacle of near perfection, that may not be true. 

There is not the slightest doubt that the the universe is real. It is three-dimensional.

But one popular alternative notion has been the "holographic principle", which asserts that a mathematical description of the universe only requires two dimensions. What we perceive as three dimensional may just be the image of two dimensional processes on a huge cosmic horizon. 

Up until now, this speculation has only been mathematically analyzed in exotic spaces with negative curvature. Math, like any language, can talk about lots of things that are not possible and such spaces are quite different from the space in our own universe.

A new paper suggests that the holographic principle even holds in a flat spacetime.