Researchers have defined a previously unrecognized genetic cause for two types of birth defects found in newborn boys 

"Cryptorchidism and hypospadias are among the most common birth defects but the causes are usually unknown," said Dr. Dolores Lamb, director of the Center for Reproductive Medicine at Baylor and lead author of the report in Nature Medicine. 

Cryptorchidism is characterized by the failure of descent of one or both testes into the scrotum during fetal development. In the adult man, the testes produce sperm and the male hormone, testosterone. Hypospadias is the abnormal placement of the opening of the urethra on the penis. Both birth defects are usually surgically repaired during infancy.

At the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO), University of Colorado Cancer Center researchers reported results of a Phase I trial of OMP-54F28 (FZD8-Fc), an investigational drug candidate discovered by OncoMed Pharmaceuticals targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). The drug was generally well tolerated, and several of the 26 patients with advanced solid tumors experienced stable disease for greater than six months. Three trials are now open for OMP-54F28 (FZD8-Fc) in combinations with standard therapy for pancreatic, ovarian and liver cancers, being offered at the CU Cancer Center and elsewhere.

If you want to survive your hospital stay, try to avoid being admitted on the weekend. 

A systematic review and meta-analysis
of various world regions that included 72 studies and 55,053,719 participants found that weekend admission was associated with increased morality of between 15% and 17% depending on the statistical technique used. 

It must be due to higher emergency status if it is the weekend, right? Some, but the authors say the quality of care is just poorer also, which is not going to make nurses and doctors who work weekends very happy.

In the debate over government control of health care in the United States, critics looked at the UK system and its death panels, which drew an arbitrary line on when to stop treatment. Their recent efforts led to such an outcry that the government has said they were ending the incorrectly named Liverpool Care Pathway and its policy of subtle euthanasia.

Most ethicists in the UK have been in favor of letting government rather than doctors determine patient care but an Emeritus Professor of medical ethics at Imperial College London talking at this year's Euroanaesthesia meeting titled will at least argue that a patient's age should not in itself be considered an ethically relevant criterion for deciding 'where to stop' treatment.

While western nations have dropped emissions on schedule, led by the United States, which has pushed its greenhouse gas emissions from energy back to early 1990s levels and coal back to early 1980s levels, the increasingly modern developing world have continued to produce more emissions, causing worldwide levels to rise.

There is no short cut. Emissions need to be reduced. So forget about positioning giant mirrors in space to reduce the amount of sunlight being trapped in the earth's atmosphere or seeding clouds to reduce the amount of light entering earth's atmosphere - if we can't figure out why emissions have risen but temperatures have not, tinkering with clouds is a very bad idea.

There is good news for cancer survivors - their numbers continue to grow.

There are currently 14.5 million cancer survivors in the USA and that will grow to almost 19 million by 2024, according to the second edition of Cancer Treatment&Survivorship Facts & Figures, 2014-2015 and an accompanying journal article published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.

Cancer rates have been decreasing for 10 years and the number of cancer survivors is growing, even with an aging population. This is due primarily to earlier cancer detection and more effective treatments.