Researchers have discovered the link between antibiotics and bacterial biofilm formation leading to chronic lung, sinus and ear infections. Bacterial biofilms can actually thrive, rather than decrease, when given low doses of antibiotics.

 Biofilms are highly structured communities of microorganisms that attach to one another and to surfaces. The microorganisms group together and form a slimy, polysaccharide cover. This layer is highly protective for the organisms within it, and when new bacteria are produced they stay within the slimy layer. With the introduction of antibiotic-produced glycogen, the biofilms have an almost endless food source that can be used once antibiotic exposure has ended.

If a young patient needs anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, it's better to get it done. Postponing is risks secondary knee injuries, according to a paper at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's (AOSSM) Annual Meeting.

The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four major ligaments connecting the thighbone (femur), shinbone (tibia), and kneecap (patella) to form the knee joint. The cruciate Ligaments are found inside the knee joint and control its back and forth motion and they cross each other to form an 'x' shape, with the posterior cruciate ligament in back and the anterior cruciate ligament in front.

Tofu is prized by vegetarians as an alternate source of protein, if they don't mind highly processed food that will make men sterile.

But Dr. Oz, the Cornell Food and Brand Lab and others swear by it. Yet Tofu is not a food fad for Millennial women because of any marketing claims about health benefits, they just want dishes that are quick, easy to cook and that don't have calories. 

"They basically seem to care less about any health benefits of Tofu," said lead Cornell researcher Brian Wansink, "They eat it to look good and because it's quick to cook and it's filling."

It's not well known to urban environmentally conscious people but rural people know that deer are a lot like rats - they will eat everything if you don't stop them.

Because state forests are part of a political machine, various political lobbying has blocked biology and that led to an overabundance of deer and decades of damage.

But regulated deer hunts in Indiana state parks helped damaged forests recover nicely. The big win, found analysis of a 17-year-long Indiana Department of Natural Resources policy of organized hunts in state parks, was for native tree seedlings, herbs and wildflowers once rendered scarce by deer. 

As every Boy Scout knows, friction generates heat. A new study finds that friction could be the key to survival for some distant Earth-sized planets traveling in dangerous orbits.

Earth-sized planets are becoming common in other star systems. Too close to a star, and heat can be a destructive force but for planets in the habitable zone, the right amount of friction, and therefore heat, can be helpful and perhaps create conditions for habitability.

Obesity is so common among U.S. Hispanics, particularly among young Hispanics,  that it is at crisis proportions, according to data from a study of 16,344 people of diverse Hispanic origin in four U.S. cities; New York City (Bronx), Chicago, Miami and San Diego. Men were average age 40 and women were average age 41. People with Mexican roots were the largest group (about 37 percent), followed by Cuban (20 percent) and Puerto Rican (16 percent) backgrounds. 

New York City residents think everything is about New York City. A NYC storm automatically becomes a Super Storm, the population between the Hudson River and the San Francisco Bay bridge are assumed to be mutant church Republican zombies, they even think it's hotter in the city than everywhere else.

On that last part, they may be right. There has long been a belief in the "urban heat island" (UHI) effect, which makes the world's cities warmer than the surrounding countryside. In an analysis of 65 cities across North America, researchers found that variation in how efficiently urban areas release heat back into the lower atmosphere — convection — is the dominant factor in the daytime heat island effect. 

In some parts of the world, amphibian numbers are in decline. Activists are quick to blame everything from fracking to pesticides for reduced numbers of some frogs, but scientists have linked it to an emerging fungal disease called chytridiomycosis.

New research from the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) findss that another pathogen, ranavirus, may also contribute. In a series of mathematical models, researchers showed that ranavirus, which causes severe hemorrhage of internal organs in frogs, could cause extinction of isolated populations of wood frogs if they are exposed to the virus every few years, a scenario that has been documented in wild populations.

The warm beauty of amber has been captivating and inspiring people since ancient times.

Even today, some secrets remain locked inside the fossilized tree resin. Some of the oldest recovered samples predate the rise of dinosaurs — and could outlast even the most advanced materials that science can make today. That extreme durability has made amber's internal structure so difficult to understand. 

Millions of years ago, this resin exuded from trees and then fossilized over time and techniques to probe the inner molecular architecture of amber seemed to destroy evidence of certain relationships between compounds.