Family Paplionaceae: The members of sub family Papilionaceae are herbs, shrubs or trees found in all climates but mostly between and near the tropics and are more abundant in the old than in the New World. The family includes the greatest number of Legumes, comparising 400 genera with about 7000 species. It is an extremely important family and its members yield nutritious food, fiber, shelter, valuable medicines and also virulent poisons (Datta and Mukherji, 1952). The members exhibit most varied properties, some are amylaceous, other oleaginous, many yield resins, balsams and dyes, a few are astringent, acrid and bitter, narcotic and poisonous, emetic and purging, tonic and restorative . The seeds are often anti periodic and the root anthelmentic. Some of the important genera are Abrus sp., Alhagi sp., Arachis sp., Butea sp., Cajanus sp., Cicer sp., Derris sp., Glycine sp., Glycyrrhiza sp., Medicago sp., Pisum sp., Phaselous sp., Psoralea sp., Sesbania sp., Tephrosia sp., Vicia sp. and Vigna sp.. Plants of Sub-family Papilionaceae S. No. COMMON NAME IN HINDI COMMON NAME IN ENGLISH BOTANICAL NAME PART USED 1. Chirmiti Crab’s eyes , Indian Liquorice , Rosary pea , Rati seed Abrus precatorius Linn. Roots , leaves and seeds 2. Javansa , Jawasa , Junwasa , Juwasa , Yavasa. Arabian Manna Plant , Camel Thorn Persian Manna Plant Alhagi camelorum Linn. Twig root and leaves 16. Dhak , Palas , Tesu , Chichra NA Butea monosperma O.Kuntze. Root , bark , gum , leaf , flower , seeds , lye and juice . 17. Arhar , Thur & Arhar dal Pigeon pea , cango pea , Dal . Cajanus indicus Spreng. Seeds , leaves and flowers 18. Barasem , Gojiaseme , Sem Broad Bean , Sword Bean Canavalia ensiformis DC. Leaves 19 Chan , Chunma Chick pea , Horse gram , Black gram , Brown gram. Cicer arintinum Linn. Seeds 20. Aparajita , Aprajit , Kalijer, Kowa , Shobanjan , Vishnukranti Blue pea , Mussel shell , creeper Clitoria ternatea Linn. Root , leaves , seeds , stem and flower . 28. Ghunghunian Devil Bean , Wedge –leaved Crotalaria C. retusa Linn. Roots and leaves 32. Basam, Bansham, Jhunjhunia Warted crotalaria C. versucosa Leaves and root 36. Shisham , Shisu, Sistal , Paharisissu Blackwood of south India , Bombay blackwood. D. latifolia Roxb. Whole plant 38. Shisham , Sisam , Sissai , Sissu , Sisu SouthIndian Redwood , Sissoo D. sissio Roxb. Bark , leaves , oil and wood 39. NA NA D. spinosa Roxb. Root 40. NA NA D. tamarindifolia Roxb. Root 41. Bankhara , Bhatia NA D. volubilis Roxb. Leaves and root 42. Karanja NA Derris indica Benth. Root , bark , leaf , flower and seeds 43. Gonj Hog , Creeper Derris scandens Benth Bark 44. Kirtana NA D. uliginosa Benth Root-bark 45. Salpan , Salpani , Salun , Salwan , Shalpani Tick Trefoil Desmodium gangeticum DC. Root 46. NA NA D. heterophyllum DC. Whole plant 47. NA NA D.lasiocarpum DC. Root 48. NA NA D. polycarpum DC. Whole plant 49. Jat salpar NA D. pulchellum Benth. Flower and bark 50. NA NA D. retroflexum DC. Root 51. NA NA D. scalpe DC. Whole plant 52. Chankat , chamea , Sambar , Chamyat , Gurshagal NA D. tiliafolium G. Don Root 53. Kudaliya NA D. triflorum DC. Leaf 54. Gahat , Kulat , Kultha , Kulthi , Kulti , Kurti Horse Grain , Horse gram , Kooltee , Madras gram Dolichos biflorus Linn. Pulse 55. NA NA D. falcatus Klein. Root and seeds 56. Bhatavasu , Lobia , Bhetarasu , Makhanism Egyptian Bean , Indian Bean , Kidney Bean D. lablab Linn. Seed and leaves 57. Mandara , Paltamandara , Pangara , Pangra , Panjira Red bean tree , Indian coral tree , Bastard teak Erythrina indica Lam. Bark and leaves 58. NA NA E. ovalifolia Roxb. Fresh bark , leaves and seeds 59. NA NA E. stricta Roxb. Powered bark and flower 60. Dauldhak , Madar , Madara , Nasut , Pangara , Rowanna , Rungra Corky Coral tree E. suberosa Roxb. Bark 61. Salpan NA Fleminga chappar Ham. Root 62. Barasalpan , Bhalia , Kusunt, Supta NA F. congesta Roxb. Root 63. Barasalpan , Liptabasant NA F. nana Roxb. Root 64. NA Hop bean F. strobilifera R.Br Root and leaves 65. NA NA F. tuberosa Dalz. Tuber and root 66. Jethimadh , Joshtimadhu Liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Root , leaves and drug 67. Bhat , Bhatwan, Ramkurthi China bean , Japan bean , Soy bean , White bean Glycine Soja Sieb. & Zucc. Root 68. Surmainil Surat indigo , Wild indigo Indigofera argentea Linn. Root , leaves and seeds 69. NA NA I. aspalathoides Vahl. Leaves , root , flower and tender shoots 70. NA NA I . gerardiana R. Grah. Root and leaves 71 NA NA I . glabra Linn. Leaves 72. NA NA I . glandulosa Willd. Seeds 73. NA NA I . hirsute Linn. Leaves and fruit 74. Tokri NA I . linifolia Retz. Whole plant 75. NA NA I . oblongifolia Forsk. Root and stem 76. Hakna , Nil , Sakena NA I . pulchella Roxb. Root 77. Gouli , Lil , Nil, Nir. Common Indigo , Indigo I . tinctoria Linn. Root and leaves 78. Janglimethi NA I . trifoliata Linn Seeds 79. NA NA I. trito Linn. Fil. Seeds 80. Masur , masuridal Lentil Lens esculenta Moench . Seed 81. Banmethi , Metha , Marvo , Gorhadal , Sinji Small Melilot Melilot indica All Whole plant 82. Aspurk King’s Clover Melilot trefoil M. officinalis Lam . Plant 83. Goncha NA Mucuna capitata Sweet Whole plant 86. Cowage , Cowhage , Cowitch Gaunch , Goncha , Kaunch , Kawanch , Kivach , Kivachh , Kivanchh , Konch , Kuyach . M . prurita Hook. Root , fruit , pod , seeds , leaves and branches 87. NA NA Ormocarpum sennoides. Root 88. Asainda , Kalaphulas , Pamar , Sandan , Timsa , Tinnas Chariot Tree , Sandan Ougeina dalbergioides Benth . Bark 89. NA NA Pachyrhizus angulatus Rich. Root 90. Urad , Moth Kidney Bean Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq . Pulse 91. NA NA P. adenanthus Meyer. Root 92. Butter Bean , Curry Bean , Lima kidney Bean Hursumhulle pullie Phaseolus lunatus Linn. Pulse 93. Harrimung , Mung Mung , Green Gram P . mungo Pulse 94. Dord , Mung , Urid , Urud , Thikiri Black Gram , Green Gram , Mung Pulse P. radiatus Linn. Pulse , root and seeds 95. Mugani , Mugawana , Rakhal Kalai , Trianguli 3- Lobed kidney bean , Wild kidney bean P. trilobus Ait . Leaves 96. Bakla , Loba French Bean , Kidney Bean P.vulagris Linn. Flour and bean 97. Baramattar , Battanichola , Golmattar . Garden pea , Blue pea. Pisum sativum Linn . Seed and peas 98 . Kanja , Karanj , Karanjaka , Kirmal Indian Beech Pongamia glabra Vent . Root , oil , leaves , seeds and bark 99. NA NA Pseudarthria viscida W. and A. Whole plant 100. Babachi , Babchi NA Psoralea corylifolia Linn Seeds and fruit 101. NA Andaman Redwood Pterocarpus indicus Wild Fruit , wood and leaves 102. Banda , Bija , Bijasal , Paisar Bijasal , Indian kino tree . P. marsupium Roxb . Gum , bark and leaves 103. Lalchandan Ragatchandan Red Sandal Wood , Red Sanders , Ruby wood . P. santalinus Linn . fil . Wood and legume 104. Badar,Bankumra, Dedarikand , Pona , Sarrar , Siali , Surur NA Pueraria tuberosa DC. Root 105. Chiri-matio kalta NA Rhynchosia minima DC. Leaves 106. Brihatchakramed Dhumchee hemp Sesbania aculeate Poir. Seeds 107. Dhandiain Jaint , Jaint , Jait , Janjhan , Jayanti , Rasin , Jhijan Egyptian Sesban Sesbania aegyptiaca Poir. Seeds , Leaves and Root 108. Agasti , Agust , Agusta , Bak , Basna , Hatiya NA S. grandiflora Pers . Root, bark, leaves and flowers 109. NA NA Sophora tomentosa Linn. Seeds , leaves and roots 110. Bando , Maula , Chihut lar NA Spatholobus roxburghii Benth . Bark 111. Jetimad NA Taverniera cuneifolia Arn . Leaves 112. Bishoni NA Tephrosia petrosa Blatter and Hallberg . Leaves 113. Sarphoka , Sarphonka , Sarphuka Wild indigo T. purpurea Pers. Root and whole plant 114. NA NA Tephrosia villosa Pers . Leaves 115. Mashnoi NA Teramnus labialis Spreng . Fruit 116. Khulbi , Lassan , Methi , Muthi , Sag methi Fenugreek , Greek Hayes . Trigonella Foenum –graecum Linn. Seeds and leaves 117. NA NA T.occulta Del . Seeds 118. Chini NA T. polycerata Linn . Seeds 119. Daula , Davada , Pithauni , Pitvan , Pithavana . NA Uraria lagopoides DC. Whole plant 120. Dabra , Pitvan , Prishniparni , Prishtparni NA Uraria picta Desv . Fruit , root , leaves and whole plant 121. Anhuri , Bakla Broad Bean , field bean , Garden bean Vicia faba Linn. Shoot and beans 122. Akra , Ankra Common Vetch , Tare , Vetch Vicia sativa Linn. Seed 123. Bora , Chowli , Lobia , Ransi , Rausa , Rawas , Rianish , Sonta Asparagus Bean , Blackeye Pea , Chinese Bean , Chowlee , Cow pea,Cuba bean , Rice bean , Small fruited bean . Vigna catiang Walp. Pulse and seeds 124. NA NA Zornia diphylla Pers. Root and whole plant Butea monosperma O Kuntze.‘Palas’ (Paplionaceae ) :- The Oraon and Korwa tribes of Madhya Pradesh make the root decoction and used it in urinary troubles . The bark decoction is used in loose motions. Andh , Bhil , Gond, Halba , Kokna , Korku and Malhar tribes of Khandala region in Maharashtra use its flowers for urinary complaints . Fresh or dried flowers are crushed and mixed with water . One cup of extract is given for proper urination. Santals of Santal pargana in Bihar use its roots for tuberculosis. It is also known as depurative , aphrodisiac , astringent , anthelmintic , rubifacient , antidote to snake bite and it is also used for diarrhoea , piles , tumours , dysentery and herpes . 31. Flemingia chappar Ham. ‘Salpan’ (Papilionaceae):- In Bihar the people of santhal tribes use 1 to 2 drops of juice extracted from pressed seeds put in the eyes as a remedy in eye troubles and to remove cataract . In Madhya Pradesh this plant is also known as ‘Galphule’, in Gamharia (Raigarh) of Madhya Pradesh, the leaf juice mixed with seven drops of mustard oil and a little amount of jaggery is used in eye pain by the tribal people . Flemingia congesta Roxb. ‘Mahadeokama’ ( Papilionaceae ) :- In Gamharia (Raigarh) of Madhya Pradesh , the root decoction 50 ml. is administered orally three times daily in spermatorrhoea by the tribal people. 33. Indigofera cassiodies Rotle ex DC ‘Jhilla’ ( Papilionaceae ) The Kusmi tribal people of Madhya Pradesh use the root of the plant powdered with bark of Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. ) and half teaspoonful powder prescribed to women for preventing conception ( Jain and Singh , 1997 ) . 34. Indigofera linnaei Ali. ‘Runkhadi’ (Papilionaceae) Inhabitants of Gujrat and South East Rajasthan take about 10 gm. fresh juice of whole plant , mixed with curd and give once a day (or if needed twice) to cure diarrhea . Rice with such curd should be taken as a diet during treatment and no sugar or salt should be used in the diet (Audichya, et al., 1983). 2. Alysicarpus vaginalis Linn. DC. ‘Davai’ ( Papilionaceae ) It is known for cough . Santhals of Santhal Pargana in Bihar use its root as an antifertility agent ( Goel et al. , 1984 ) . 3. Atylosia scarabaeoides Benth. ‘Banherwa’ (Papilionaceae) :- In Raigarh (Aeppu) of Madhya Pradesh the tribal people use the plant decoction (100 ml.) as a tonic after delivery . The fresh leaf paste is applied on swellings of leg. The pod are also eaten for this purpose. In Bihar tribal people make plant or root into a paste and mix with coconut oil to apply on head for fifteen days to check falling hairs to cure baldness (Tarafdar and Chaudhari, 1997 ). 4. Atylosia volubilis Blanco. ‘Gamble’ ( Papilionaceae ) :- Inhabitants of Orissa use its root for mumps . The root is made into a paste and applied locally ( Saxena et al. , 1981 ) . 5. Clitoria ternatea Linn. ‘Aparajit’ (Papilionaceae) :- Inhabitants of Dhasan valley in Bundelkhand region of Utter Pradesh apply the powdered root externally for the treatment of gotire . In India it is also useed as cathartic , diuretic and antidote against snake bite . It is also useful against leprosy ( Saxena and Vyas , 1983 ) . 6. Crotolaria alata Ham. ‘Gunghra’ ( Papilionaceae ) :- In Gamharia (Raigarh) of Madhya Pradesh the Oraon tribal people use to rub the paste of the whole plant on the body for curing joints and muscular pains . The root decoction 50 ml. is used 5 times daily in scorpion stings and in snake bite ( Maheshwari, Painuli, Diwivedi, 1997 ). 7. Crotolaria albida Heyne. ‘Banmethi’ ( Papilionaceae ) :- The tribes of Ambikapur in Madhya Pradesh use give about 2 gm.powdered root twice a day to a victim of snake bite (Jain and Singh, 1997). 8. Crotolaria bialata Heyne.‘ Murgijori’ (Papilionaceae) :- The Kurmi Mahato tribes of Bihar use root paste three times for nine days in discharge of blood with urine (Tarafdar and Choudhari, 1997). 9. Crotolaria pallida Dry. Syn. C.Striata DC. ‘Thankur’ Papilionaceae) :- Mikirs of Assam take about 20 ml. extract of leaves in early morning to kill intestinal worms ( Jain and Borthakur, 1980 ). 10. Crotolaria semialata Linn. ‘Gulabi’(Papilionaceae) :- The Kurmi tribes of Madhya Pradesh use about half tea spoon powdered root for malarial fever (Jain and Singh, 1997). 11. Crotolaria sericea Retz ‘Ghurhiti’ (Papilionaceae):- The tribes of Ambikapur , use the roots of this plant and Byttneria herbaceae Roxb.They are powdered and 2 gm. of this powder is used for curing gonorrhoea (Jain and Singh, 1997). 12. Crotolaria spectabilis Retz ‘Sonokai’(Papilionaceae) :-In Bihar Oraon and Khond tribes used plant paste in rheumatism twice daily for fifteen days . The patient should take it with an empty stomach one hour before his meal . Another method of tribal use is the fresh plant swept over the body of a patient three times daily for fifteen days (Tarafdar and Chaudhari, 1997). 13. Crotolaria prostrata Rottl. ‘Bilaiban’ (Papilionaceae):-Oraon and Korwa tribes of Madhya Pradesh made the twigs into pieces and used in nabhi treatment . 14. Desmodium gyroides (Lamk.) DC. ( Papilionaceae ) :- Inhabitants of Hazaribagh district of Bihar use its whole plant to promote conceptions . The plant is made into paste with 4 leaves of Ocimum sanctum ( scared Tulsi ) , put in a banana and given to a lady for conception ( Tarafdar , 1983 ) . 15. Desmodium motorium DC. ‘Jugni’ (Papilionaceae):- . In Gamharia (Raigarh) of Madhya Pradesh the leaves are used for hypnotizing tribal women in the treatment of diseases by the tribal people. 28. Desmodium pulchellum Benth. ‘Jat salpar’ (Papilionaceae):- In Bihar , Bihar tribal people made root into a paste and mixed with sugar candy . This is prescribed to a patient suffering from burning sensation in the abdomen or chest once in the morning on an empty stomach and another dose in the evening. (Tarafdar and Chaudhri, 1997). 29. Desmodium triflorum DC. ‘Ban’ (Papilionaceae):- In Basantpur (Surguja) of Madhya Pradesh , the plant decoction 30ml. is used three times daily in wormicide by the tribal people .