LONDON, February 26 /PRNewswire/ --

- With Photo

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Teams of scientists from Australia and the United States have used yeast and mammalian cells to discover a connection between genetic and environmental causes of Parkinson's disease. 

Yeasts are single cell organisms, used widely in biological research because their structure resembles that of cells found in animals and humans. Yeasts share many genes, or their functional equivalents, with humans and offer the ability to screen or test thousands of genes and analysing their effects. 

The detailed structure of a protective 'jacket' that surrounds cells of the Clostridium difficile superbug, and which helps the dangerous pathogen stick to human host cells and tissues, is revealed in part in the 1 March issue of Molecular Microbiology. 

Scientists hope that unravelling the secrets of this protective layer's molecular structure might reveal possible targets for new drugs to treat C. difficile infections.

The 'jacket' is a surface layer, or 'S-layer', made of two different proteins, with half a million of each covering every C. difficile cell. The S-layer is believed to help C. difficile cells colonise the human gut, where they release sickness-causing toxins. 

When Evo Morales, Bolivia's first president of Indian origin, was appointed in 2006 he initiated a "decolonising revolution."   Now, in a new thesis in social anthropology at the University of Gothenburg, Anders Burman examines how the government policy for decolonization has been interwoven with the rituals and cosmology of the indigenous population.

For the indigenous population in the Bolivian Andes, colonialism was not something that was consigned to history when Bolivia was founded. Their exploitation and marginalization simply took on new forms. 

Mendel solved the logic of inheritance in his monastery garden with no more technology than Darwin had in his garden at Down House, so why couldn't Darwin have done it too? A Journal of Biology article argues that Darwin's background, influences and research focus gave him a viewpoint that prevented him from interpreting the evidence that was all around him, even in his own work. 

Moravian priest and scientist Gregor Mendel (1822 - 1884) studied clear-cut, inherited traits in pea plants, which he grew in the monastery gardens in Brno. Mendel showed that trait inheritance follows simple laws, and 'Mendels Laws Of Inheritance' (1) were later named after him. Mendel's work was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century, and laid the foundations for genetics.

In times of starvation, cells tighten their belts: they start to digest their own proteins and cellular organs. The process - known as autophagy - takes place in special organelles called autophagosomes. It is a strategy that simple yeast cells have developed as a means of survival when times get tough, and in the course of evolution, it has become a kind of self-cleaning process. In mammalian cells, autophagosomes are also responsible for getting rid of misfolded proteins, damaged organelles or disease-causing bacteria. 

SAN RAMON, California, February 27 /PRNewswire/ --

- Energy Providers from Numerous Countries Gain Insight on Industry Leading ZigBee Technology

ZigBee welcomed more than 120 representatives of European governments, utilities and energy services companies to its European Smart Energy Forum in Dublin, Ireland on February 13, 2009. Coming on the heels of its 27th member meeting, the Forum demonstrated end-to-end applications of ZigBee networking and ZigBee Smart Energy, including smart meters and mesh networked backhaul technologies, as well as ZigBee thermostats and in-home displays in a user- friendly forum for energy providers.

PHILADELPHIA, February 26 /PRNewswire/ --

- The first co-developed, fully integrated solution on the market eliminates the need for remotely deployed load generators and automatically aggregates end-to-end statistics into HP Performance Center 9.5 (including HP LoadRunner 9.5)

CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, February 26 /PRNewswire/ --

Despite challenging economic conditions in 2009, expansion in mobile data services and broadband Internet access will fuel the growth of the Brazilian telecom market, helping it retain the position of the largest telecom market in Latin America, according to the latest report from Pyramid Research (www.pyr.com), the telecom research arm of the Light Reading Communications Network (www.lightreading.com).

PALO ALTO, California, February 26 /PRNewswire/ --

- Funding to advance novel Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) therapies against new targets

Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc., a start-up biotechnology company developing antiviral therapies, announced that it has raised US$7.1 million in a Series A financing co-led by InterWest Partners and Vivo Ventures. The funding will advance the company's lead program targeted against NS4B, a specific region in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein.