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Placebo Buttons?

A recent article suggested that many of the buttons/toggles that we experience in our daily lives...

The Development Of Social Monogamy In Mammals

Two papers published this week have proposed explanations regarding the evolution of social monogamy...

Easy Answers To World Problems

After reading another article by Alex Berezow ["The Arrogance of a Well-Fed Society"] insisting...

The Precautionary Principle Review

There is an interesting series of articles published by the Guardian discussing various aspects...

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Gerhard AdamRSS Feed of this column.

I'm not big on writing things about myself so a friend on this site (Brian Taylor) opted to put a few sentences together: Hopefully I'll be able to live up to his claims. "I thought perhaps you... Read More »

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A recent article addressed the issue of children being frightened of costumed characters and some of the other fears they might experience.  In some cases, this fear escalated into a phobia.

However, comments like "fears likely helped our ancestors survive" generate more alarm than comfort to me. Besides being pretty obvious, it raises the question of why fear should be considered such a bad thing, especially for children.

I can certainly understand that an unreasonable fear that has escalated all of out proportion and become debilitating can be problematic. I suspect that the vast majority of fears and phobias don't actually fall into that category.
In looking at the concept of a ghost, the first problem one encounters is defining exactly what is meant by such an apparition.  It seems that the general view over history is that ghosts represent some aspect of a once living individual that may have occasion to make itself known.  This is generally considered to be a soul, or some animating spirit, so for our purposes that loose definition will do.

I won't consider the problems of why such an entity would be geographically confined, or even what such a thing means.  Instead let's consider what it takes for a ghost to engage in a haunting.
Well, it seems that the issue surrounding the runaway balloon has finally been resolved with the entire event being a hoax. Certainly there are many people that are angry and there's much talk about criminal charges being brought.  No doubt, virtually everyone has an opinion and it probably isn't favorable.

However, the concern I have is with the issue of Child Protective Services involvement and the threat of having the children removed.  Despite everyone coming out of the woodwork now claiming that Richard Heene is abusive and that he's endangering his children, the simple truth is that prior to this event he wasn't on anyone's radar, so I'm a bit suspicious about how bad a parent he is.
In light of recent discussions about vaccines and scientific consensus it is sobering to consider that fully one-third of medical studies turn out to be wrong.

"A study in 2005, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that one-third of all medical studies turn out to be wrong."
http://www.livescience.com/health/091026-medical-research-fraud-errors.html

In addition, many remedies of non-scientific origin may be vindicated despite earlier claims from doctors.
"In 2007, scientists showed that honey works better than cough medicines in soothing children's coughs.
If the question were asked, what is the primary purpose of business, the most likely response would be "to make money".  However, this is an unsatisfactory answer since it clearly doesn't provide sufficient justification for businesses to exist.  There is no question that we all need and use money in our daily lives, but similarly this would be an unsatisfactory answer to justify why we work.

If we considered economics from the barter perspective, the answer of "making money" would seem peculiar because we could only loosely translate it as "wanting stuff".  Clearly if we were bartering for goods and services there would be more specific items that we want and need, but also what is our personal motivation in such a scenario?
An article "Why Extremist Views Dominate" suggested that such views are expressed more willingly when people believe they hold a majority opinion.  In the study the point was that students that were pro-alcohol were more willing to express their opinion when they thought they were in the majority and less inclined to when faked data indicated otherwise.

One wrinkle in this study was that those students that held anti-alcohol views did not change in expressing their viewpoint even when presented with data that indicated they held a majority position.