Seventy-nine isolates of Candida albicans and 33 of 5 other pathogenic species of Candida were cultured for 3 h at 37°C in 1·5% aqueous solution of 6 peptone media. While all isolates of C. albicans formed germ tubes, the other species did not. Some isolates of C. albicans formed germ tubes in 1·5% trypticase peptone and neopeptone, and all did so in phytone, bactopetone, polypeptone and proteose peptone at the same concentration. Subsequently, 140 isolates of C.

Chloroplasts are photosynthetic organelles containing a part of plant genome usually called plastome. Introduction of foreign genes into plastids and creation of transplastomic plants has some advantages over classic nuclear transformation, so chloroplasts are of great importance for biotechnology. Chloroplast gene expression machinery is diverse and complicated. Apparently, it was inherited from a cyanobacterial ancestor but evolved greatly in eukaryotic plant cell. Transcription is the first stage of gene expression and the review focuses on plastid transcription apparatus. Higher plant chloroplasts have two RNA polymerases, one of bacterial origin (PEP) and the other arose from mitochondrial one (NEP).

ABSTRACT: A large number of hydrocarbon yielding plants like Calotropis procera, Euphorbia antisyphilitica have been reported to yield bio-fuel products. Attempts have been made to increase their growth and hydrocarbon yield potential. Studies were conducted to improve growth and productivity of these plants under field conditions In Rajasthan, Calotropis procera grows wild while Euphorbia antisyphilitica has been introduced from Mexico. Jatropha grows wild in south east Rajasthan which lies on south east side of Aravalli hill range which roughly divides the state in semi-arid and arid regions. Detailed studies have been conducted on the growth and cultivation and improvement of hydrocarbon contents of Calotropis procera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica.

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. syn. Z. alatum Roxb. and its var.planispinum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Rehd. & E. H. Wils.; Z. planispinum Sieb. & Zucc.) ( I agree with Dr. Komatsu that Z. armatum and Z alatum are separate species and not synonym Kumar) Family Rutaceae Used Part Fruits. Distribution Area Found in the hot valleys of the Himalayas from Jammu to Bhutan at altitudes of 1,000-2,100 m.