Current Imaging Techniques
1. Ultrasonography
Contrast-enhanced Gray-scale2. Computed TomographyTransrectal Ultrasound-guided
Prostate Biopsy in Men with Elevated Serum Prostate-specific Antigen Levels by Yang et al, 2008
Transrectal Ultrasonography
of (TRUS) of the Prostate by Shetty et al, 2008
Adaptive radiotherapy for prostate cancer using kilovoltage3. Magnetic resonance imagingcone-beam computed tomography
: First clinical results by Nijkamp et al, 2008
Examining Margin Reduction and Its Impact on Dose Distribution for Prostate Cancer Patients UndergoingDaily Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
by Hammoud et al, 2008
How Good isMRI
at Detecting and Characterising Cancer within the Prostate? by Kirkham et al, 2006
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
for Preoperative Identification of Localised Prostate Cancer by Villers et al, 2007
Emerging Imaging Techniques
4. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
5. Hypoxia imagingMagnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
in Prostate Cancer by Dayan Loria, 2009
CombinedMagnetic Resonane Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging
in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by Umbehr et al, 2008
Hypoxia
in prostate cancer: A powerful shield against tumour destruction? by Marignol et al, 2008
An immunohistochemical assessment ofhypoxia
in prostate carcinoma using pimonidazole: Implications for radioresistance by Carnell et al, 2006
6. Positron emission tomography
7. Positron emission tomography/Compuerized TomographyPositron emission tomography
with c11-acetate for tumor detection and localization in patients with prostate-specific antigen relapse after radical prostatectomy by Sandbloom et al, 2006
8. Lymphtropic nanoparticle MRI11C-Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography
for Tumor Localization of Primary Prostate Cancer in Comparison With 12-Core Biopsy by Schiavina et al, 2006
Regional Lymph Node Staging using9. Sentinel node detectionLymphotropic Nanoparticle Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
with Ferumoxtran-10 in Patients with Penile Cancer by Tabatabaei et al, 2005
Lymphotropic nanoparticle-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LNMRI)
identifies occult lymph node metastases in prostate cancer patients prior to salvage radiation therapy by Ross et al, 2009
Detection of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Comparison of [18F]Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomography and10. Real-Time elastographyLaparoscopic Radioisotope Guided Sentinel Lymph Node
Dissection by Hacke 2006
Evaluation of Prostate Cancer Detection withUltrasound Real-Time Elastography
: A Comparison with Step Section Pathological Analysis after Radical Prostatectomy by Salamon et al, 2008
Real-time elastography
in the diagnosis of prostate tumor by Ferrari et al, 2009
External Beam Radiation Therapy
1. Conventional radiotherapy
Acute Toxicity ofConventional Radiation Therapy
for High-Risk Prostate Cancer in EORTC Trial 22863 by Zurlo et al, 2002
A Comparison of Treatment Planning Techniques Used in Two Randomised UK External Beam Radiotherapy Trials for Localised Prostate Cancer by South et al, 2007
Acute urinary morbidity during3. Intensity modulated radiotherapy3D conformal radiotherapy
for localised prostate cancer by Burden et al, 2009
3-D conformal radiotherapy
of localized prostate cancer: A subgroup analysis of rectoscopic findings prior to radiotherapy and acute/late rectal side effects by Goldner et al, 2005
Is4. BrachytherapyIMRT
needed to spare the rectum when pelvic lymph nodes are part of the initial treatment volume for prostate cancer? by Sanguineti et al, 2006
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
for prostate cancer: Late morbidity and results on biochemical control by Meerlee et al, 2006
• High-Dose rate brachytherapy
Genitourinary Toxicity After• Low-dose rate brachytherapyHigh-Dose-Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy
Combined With Hypofractionated External Beam Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: An Analysis to Determine the Correlation Between Dose–Volume Histogram Parameters in HDR Brachytherapy and Severity of Toxicity by Ishiyama et al, 2009
An Eight-Year Experience ofHDR Brachytherapy Boost
for Localized Prostate Cancer: Biopsy and PSA Outcome by Bachand et al, 2009
Does a Delay inLow Dose Rate (LDR) Brachytherapy
After Tissue Diagnosis Affect Outcome for Men with Low Risk Prostate Cancer? by Andrews et al, 2005
Comparison of 7-Year Outcomes BetweenLDR Brachytherapy
and High Dose IMRT for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer by Zelefsky et al, 2007
5. Proton therapy
Radionuclide Treatment in Metastasized Prostate Cancer
Strontium-89
Rhenium-186
Rhenium-188
Samarium-153
References:
1. Sriprasad S, Fenely M, Thompson P. History of prostate cancer treatment. Surgical
Oncology (2009), doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2009.07.001
2. Moyers M, Pouliot J. POINT/COUNTERPOINT:Proton therapy is the best radiation
treatment modality for prostate cancer. Med. Phys. 34(2), February 2007,
doi:10.1118/1.2405703
3. John S, Zietman A, Shipley W, et al. Newer imaging modalities to assist with target
localization in the radiation treatment of prostate cancer and possible lymph node
metastases. Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 71, No. 1, Supplement, pp. S43-47,
2008.
4. Mangar S, Huddart R, Parker C, et al. Technological advances in radiotherapy for treatment
of localized prostate cancer. European Journal of Cancer 41 (2005) 908-921.
5. Van der Poel H. Radionuclide treatment in metastasized prostate cancer. European
Association of Urology – European Board of Urology update series 5 (2007) 113-125.
*****************************************************************************
Updated August 27, 2009
Comments