Evolution starts species off on different paths and even if they arrived in one spot from common descent in the past, they can't reproduce. So in modern times an elephant is not hybridizing with a manatee, or a human with a lemur. Tree frogs...well, yes, but who can explain tree frogs? That did happen, two species were able to interbreed after 34 million years, and sunfish who hybridized after nearly 40 million years.

There may be a new explanation for why fad diets tend to cluster in pockets - and it may help companies spend their marketing money a little smarter also.

A 10-year retrospective study of 383 children is the first to examine the prevalence of positive drug screens in pediatric patients undergoing  multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) for narcolepsy.

The results in Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine showed that 43 percent of children with urine drug screens positive for marijuana actually had test results consistent with narcolepsy or abnormal REM sleep patterns. No child younger than 13 years of age had a positive urine drug screen. The data showed that males were more likely to have a positive urine drug screen and MSLT findings consistent with narcolepsy.  

Suppose we we tell you everything quantum mechanics can tell you about a quantum particle; what do you really know? Unfortunately, you still cannot predict with certainty the outcome of a simple experiment to measure its state. All quantum mechanics can offer are statistical probabilities for possible results.

This indeterminacy is not a defect, it's a defining feature of its undefined nature. The particle's state is not merely unknown, but truly undefined before it is measured. The act of measurement itself forces the particle to collapse to a definite state.

Researchers from Paragon Vision Sciences, Innovega, Pacific Sciences and Engineering,  EPFL and the University of California, San Diego and Rockwell Collins have developed a novel method to electronically switch the wearer's view between normal vision and telescopic - a wink.

That kind of switching functionality is crucial for the lenses to be widely useful for non-AMD sufferers who would still like to be able to have magnification "on demand", like if they want to read something.

The obvious problem is that we 'wink' every second, but they are instead blinks.

Problem solved, in a new prototype system. The electronic glasses use a small light source and light detector to recognize winks and ignore blinks.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced approval of the first two nonbrowning apple varieties, Arctic Golden and Arctic Granny apples.