Geologists led by Brown University say Lake Tanganyika, the second oldest and the second-deepest lake in the world, has experienced unprecedented warming during the last century, and its surface waters are the warmest on record. The finding is important because the warm surface waters likely will affect fish stocks upon which millions of people in the region depend.

The results of the study were published in Nature Geoscience.

The team took core samples from the lakebed that laid out a 1,500-year history of the lake's surface temperature. The data showed the lake's surface temperature, 26 degrees Celsius (78.8°F), last measured in 2003, is the warmest the lake has been for a millennium and a half.

A new study investigating the link between cell phone use and brain tumors has yielded inconclusive results. Over 10,000 people took part in the study: cell phone users; non cell phone users; cell phone users who survived brain cancer as well as brain cancer survivors who had never used cell phones. The results will be published this week in the International Journal of Epidemiology.

Google Flu Trends is not as accurate at estimating rates of laboratory-confirmed influenza as CDC national surveillance programs, according to a new study presented at the ATS 2010 International Conference in New Orleans.

Google Flu Trends uses the popularity of certain Google search queries in real time to estimate nationwide rates of influenza-like illness activity, a non-specific combination of symptoms including a fever with either a cough or a sore throat without any confirmatory laboratory testing. While some traditional flu surveillance systems may take days or weeks to collect and release data, Google search queries can be counted almost instantaneously.

Paleontologists from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the University of Florida have uncovered the nursery of the ancient shark species Carcharocles megalodon in what is now Panama. Researchers say the nursery provided a safe environment for young, vulnerable sharks.

"Adult giant sharks, at 60-70 feet in length, faced few predators, but young sharks faced predation from larger sharks," said Catalina Pimiento, visiting scientist at STRI and graduate student at the University of Florida. "As in several modern shark species, juvenile giant sharks probably spent this vulnerable stage of their lives in shallow water where food was plentiful and large predators had difficulty maneuvering."

The most effective way to reduce indoor tanning among young women is to warn them about the risk of developing leathery, wrinkled skin. Researchers writing in the Archives of Internal Medicine say harping on the risk of skin cancer is unlikely to deter tanning.

"They're not worried about skin cancer, but they are worried about getting wrinkled and being unattractive," said June Robinson, a professor of dermatology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. The study examined the best strategy to wean college-age women who are considered addicted or pathological tanners from tanning salons.

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide predicted by models of climate change can drive increased production of fungal spores, including some associated with allergies and asthma, according to a new study in Environmental Health Perspectives.