Carbohydrates, commonly known as sugars, are complex biological molecules linked to many fundamental cellular processes in living organisms, so accurate scientific information is important, but new research by scientists at the University of York Structural Biology Laboratory reveals that much of the deposited data on carbohydrate structures may be flawed.

When most people think of Vikings, they think of rape and pillaging and longships full of fierce warriors - history was clearly written by the Normans who conquered England.

The existence of wage gaps between genders in some occupations, from environmentalism to the White House to science academia, continues to be a hot-button topic.

Medium- and lower-wage positions get the most attention but a new paper in The American Journal of Medicine says directors of internal medicine residency programs are also paid different based on gender. And that is despite the increased percentage of women faculty in U.S. academic medicine, and that is regardless of region, program type, academic rank, general internal medicine specialty, age, or years of experience. The gap has not narrowed in the last five years

Young people are just as likely to try electronic cigarettes - vaping - as cigarette smoking, according to a new report  in Tobacco Use in Canada: Patterns and Trends.

Bats are masters of flight, even at night. The best pilots in World War II would have to be envious of their steep nosedives and sharp turns.

But when we think about bats and flying, most people think of echolocation and their built-in radar. But that doesn't help while banking hard left. Instead, it is the sensation of touch - bats have a unique array of sensory receptors in their wings and provide feedback to during flight. A new study in Cell Reports suggests neurons in the bat brain respond to incoming airflow over the wings, noted by touch signals, and they make rapid adjustments to wing position to optimize flight control. 

Few doctors are prescribing a low-cost drug that has been proven effective in preventing the onset of diabetes, according to a study in Annals of Internal Medicine which found that only 3.7 percent of U.S. adults with pre-diabetes were prescribed metformin during a recent three-year period.

Metformin and lifestyle changes both can prevent the onset of diabetes, but people often struggle to adopt healthier habits, according to Dr. Tannaz Moin, the study's lead author and an assistant professor of medicine in the division of endocrinology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and at VA Greater Los Angeles.