The sons of fathers with criminal records tend to have less intelligence than sons of fathers with no criminal history, according to data from over 1 million Swedish men compiled as part of the Swedish mandatory conscription program.

 Population analyses have found that children of parents who engage in "antisocial" behaviors, such as rule-breaking, aggressive, or violent behavior, are at greater risk for various negative outcomes, including criminality, psychiatric disorders, substance use, and low academic achievement. Other papers have found that individuals who engage in antisocial behaviors tend to have poorer cognitive abilities than those without antisocial tendencies. 

By James Williams, University of Sussex

Muslim communities are not be as victimized by violent crime nor are they as dissatisfied with the police as most sociology papers claim.

An examination of statistics in the Crime Survey of England and Wales between 2006 and 2010, generated by nearly 5,000 Muslims, reveals few differences between Muslims and non-Muslims in relation to a range of violent personal crime including assaults, wounding and threats - the types of crime that scholarly literature, media reports and anecdotal evidence all suggest have disproportionately affected Muslim communities. 

Instead, statistical analysis reveals few statistically significant differences between Muslim, Hindu, Jewish and Sikh respondents in respect of many personal crime types included within the Crime Survey.

Cardiac arrest, commonly known as a heart attack, is an often-fatal condition in which the heart stops beating. Epinephrine - adrenaline - is a hormone that stimulates the heart and promotes the flow of blood and current international guidelines recommend administering 1 milligram of epinephrine every 3-5 minutes during resuscitation. 
Each year, more than 420,000 cardiac arrests occur in the United States. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation are the primary treatments. 

And it works well, at least in the short term, but administering epinephrine may increase the overall likelihood of death or debilitating brain damage according to a study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue computer beat Garry Kasparov at chess. He had won their first encounter in 1996, with 3 wins, 1 loss and 2 draws (4-2), so the team of programmers and chess experts tweaked the program and in 1997 came out ahead 3.5-2.5, a big achievement for programming because chess is 'creative'.

Another creative task even more relevant to scientists than chess is extracting data from scientific publications to create a database cataloging results from tens of thousands of individual studies. It sounds like it would be easy but much of cataloging would ordinarily be placed in the 'subjective' camp. 

Relational aggression, such as malicious rumors, social exclusion and rejection, are considered something that girls do more often. The movie "Mean Girls" epitomized it to hilarious effect. A trio of scholars used surveys to show that boys are being shortchanged in popular accounts of mean-ness.

620 randomly selected sixth graders were followed through their senior year, filling out an annual survey talking about victimization. Using group-based trajectory modeling the female co-authors determined that boys are actually meaner than girls - or at least they brag about it more on surveys. Boys were more often to call themselves relational aggression perpetrators while girls reported being victims more.

By Sarah Jewitt, University of Nottingham

A British “poo bus” went into service last week, powered by biomethane energy derived from human waste at a sewage plant.