Muon tomography is an application of particle detectors where we exploit the peculiar properties of muons to create three-dimensional images of the interior of unknown, inaccessible volumes. You might also want to be reminded that muons are unstable elementary particles; they are higher-mass versions of electrons which can be found in cosmic ray showers or produced in particle collisions.

Smallpox is no longer with us, but what gets left out of United Nations history is that smallpox was eradicated in spite of the World Health Organisation saying it could never happen, not due to UN leadership. It was driven by US advocates who went around UN bureaucracy, all while being told it was a waste of time and money.

Polio has long been gone from the US as well, and the efforts that made it possible could help the world, but the challenges in achieving that are both cultural and structural.

An analysis of the 1.5 million-year-old cranium DAN5/P1, found at the Gona site in Ethiopia, has cranial cranial morphology which indicates that it belongs to the species Homo erectus but near the earliest African stage, where it is sometimes identified using the name H. ergaster.

The fossil is very small for these hominin groups and suggest that its cerebral morphology does not present any traits distinctive to the human genus: its proportions are similar to those of australopiths or species whose evolutionary position, and whether they are from our own lineage, remains to be determined, as is the case with H. habilis.

Food and energy are strategic resources and since conventional energy like oil is presumably finite, its extinction first said to be 30 years ago, the rationale has been to subsidize and mandate alternatives like solar and wind schemes.

Food is also subsidized because it is a strategic resource but the curve is going the other way. Instead of being depleted 'real soon' as environmental PR gurus like Jeremy Rifkin successfully convinced journalists to repeat about oil decades ago, we have so much food that for the first time in human history poor people can afford to be fat. And with affordable food, culture improves, as do lives. The world exceeded UN targets for improvement of the poor by nearly half a decade.

In almost every case, someone being called a Nazi or Fascist on Twitter is being called such by someone who never knew any of those, and is probably a second or third generation descendant who didn't know any either. I had one grandfather who went across North Africa and one who occupied Japan but to my knowledge neither had any special claim to knowing about the Axis powers.

If you believe your electric car is not using the 80 percent of electricity generated by conventional fuels, you may also believe the high cost is worth it to save the environment. But there is no running from the environmental problems created by the cars themselves. 

There can be no sustainable value chain when we haven't had new batteries in 30 years. Unfortunately, as long as mandates and subsidies are in effect, there is no incentive to create better technology, which means the only hope is to reuse old, inefficient batteries in order to mitigate the high social and environmental toll electric cars extract now.