Two new studies explore the development of reasoning and perspective-taking in young children.

How to Pass the False-Belief Task Before Your Fourth Birthday

A new study found significant correlation between excessive daytime sleepiness and vitamin D - in patients with normal vitamin D levels, progressively higher levels of daytime sleepiness were correlated inversely with progressively lower levels of vitamin D.

But among patients with vitamin D deficiency, sleepiness and vitamin D levels were associated only among black patients.This correlation was observed in a direct relationship, with higher vitamin D levels associated with a higher level of sleepiness among black patients.

Scientists have discovered a new gene mechanism that appears to regulate triglyceride levels and may protect carriers of a gene variant against cardiovascular disease, especially among those with greater intakes of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA).  

Al exercise is good exercise and there is a 100 percent chance you will lose weight if you consume fewer calories than you burn, but if you are interested in optimizing fat and weight loss after the holidays, aerobic training is the best way to go, according to Duke researchers.

They compared aerobic training, resistance training, and a combination of the two in what they say is the largest randomized trial to analyze changes in body composition from the three modes of exercise in overweight or obese adults without diabetes.

Soil organic matter makes up the bulk of terrestrially bound carbon in our biosphere. Those compounds play an important role, not only for soil fertility and agricultural yields but also for controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Climatic change can therefore be slowed down or accelerated according to our management of soil resources. A new study sheds some light on the process.

A project has identified the mechanism responsible for generating our fingers and toes, and revealed the importance of gene regulation in the transition of fins to limbs during evolution.  

Their conclusion involves a theoretical model for pattern formation known as the Turing mechanism. In 1952, mathematician Alan Turing proposed equations for pattern formation, which describe how two uniformly-distributed substances, an activator and a repressor, trigger the formation of complex shapes and structures from initially-equivalent cells.