Stars in galaxies are similar to people: during the first phase of their existence they grow rapidly but they slow later, and we can see it, says Dutch astronomer Mariska Kriek with the Gemini Telescope on Hawaii and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile.

Her research shows that a part of the heavy galaxies stopped forming stars when the universe was still a toddler, about 3 billion years old. Astronomers suspect that black holes exert an influence on this halt in births.

So how does that happen and why are fewer stars being born?

Today we can print documents from anywhere using protocols and techniques unknown 20 years ago. I can send them from my phone to my printer in seconds.

But 'printing' solid objects, like a piece of sports equipment or a kitchen utensil, or even a prototype car design for wind tunnel tests could also be in the works soon. It just needs that always vague, always essential "killer app."

Such technology already exists and is maturing rapidly so that high-tech designers and others can share solid designs almost as quickly as sending a fax. The systems available are based on bath of liquid plastic which is solidified by laser light. The movements of the laser are controlled by a computer that reads a digitized 3D map of the solid object or design.

A new NASA-supported study reports that 2007 melting in high-altitude areas was greater than ever - 150 percent more than average.

Marco Tedesco, a research scientist at the Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, used satellite data to compare average snow melting from 1988-2006 with what has taken place this summer. He found that in high altitude areas over 1.2 miles above sea level, the melting index -- an indicator of where melting is occurring and for how long - was significantly higher than average. Melting over those areas occurred 25-30 days longer this year than the observed average in the previous 19 years.

What killed the wooly mammoths? Overhunting, climate change and disease lead the list of probable causes but a once-ridiculed theory is now being supported by an international team of scientists; namely that a comet or meteorite exploded over the planet roughly 12,900 years ago, causing the abrupt climate changes that led to the extinction of the wooly mammoth and other giant prehistoric beasts.

At the end of the Pleistocene era, wooly mammoths roamed North America along with a cast of fantastic creatures – giant sloths, saber-toothed cats, camels, lions, tapirs and the incredible teratorn, a condor with a 16-foot wingspan.

About 12,900 years ago, these megafauna disappeared from the fossil record, as did evidence of human remains.

Researchers from Duke University and the University of Cambridge think they can "shock the foundation of general relativity," according to Arlie Petters, a Duke professor of mathematics, by determining whether some black holes are not actually black.

Finding such an unmasked form of what physicists term a singularity "would show that nature has surprises even weirder than black holes," Petters added.

Albert Einstein originally theorized that stars bigger than the sun can collapse and compress into singularities, entities so confining and massively dense that the laws of physics break down inside them.

There are many changes in human physiology as the body adapts to zero gravity environments but a new study led by researchers from the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University shows that the tiniest passengers flown in space — microbes — can be equally affected by space flight, making them more infectious pathogens.

“Space flight alters cellular and physiological responses in astronauts including the immune response,” said Cheryl Nickerson, who led a project aboard NASA’s space shuttle mission STS-115 (September 2006) involving a large, international collaboration between NASA, ASU and 12 other research institutions. “However, relatively little was known about microbial changes to infectious disease risk in response to space flight.”