Physiologists estimate that humans have 300 million alveoli in their lungs to get rid of just one kilogram of carbon dioxide per day. At rest, they barely exchange ten liters of breathing air each minute. Macrophages are constantly lurking for dust particles or rests of small haemorrhages which immediately have to be eliminated.

It is this reliability, developed by the respiratory system in the evolution process, that inspires Hans Fahlenkamp, professor for chemical engineering at Universität Dortmund. He thinks it is the answer to the biggest challenge in environmental technology; the carbon dioxide separation from power plant flue gas.

It may not seem intuitive that virtual reality can impact the real world environment but it's been shown to have a great deal of leverage in the UK, namely as a principal mechanism for stimulating support for wind farms.

SEE3D, part of the University of Wales, has worked with renewable energy company West Coast Energy to develop visualization software that will help fast track wind farm planning approvals.

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found that brains of people with clinical depression react very differently than those of healthy people when trying to cope with negative situations.

According to the World Health Organization, clinical depression is one of the leading causes of disability and lost productivity in the world. Understanding the root cause of depression, however, has proved difficult.

"It's normal for people to have negative emotions in certain circumstances," says lead study author Tom Johnstone. "One of the features of major depression is not that people have negative reactions to negative situations, it's that they can't pull themselves out of those negative emotional moods.

Metforin, the most commonly prescribed diabetes drug, kills tumor cells that lack key regulatory gene p53, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicinr.

More than half of all human cancers have lost the p53 gene. Yet even in an era of molecularly targeted therapies scientists have had trouble figuring out how to compensate for the absence of a gene. Unlike a genetic mutation that changes the function or activity of a gene, which can be inhibited by a well-tailored drug, loss of a gene leaves nothing for the drug to target.

“This is the first time you can show that tumor growth is impaired by a diabetes drug,” says senior author Craig B.

Life on Saturn's icy moon? Unlikely, say University of Illinois researchers, and a new model they have created shows it is possible for a frigid, stiff Enceladus without a shifting interior (such as plate tectonics on Earth) to develop fractures and ridges, and convey heat at the rate observed by the Cassini spacecraft since 2004, without liquid water.

The Cassini spacecraft revealed a south polar region of Enceladus with an elaborate arrangement of fractures and ridges, heat radiation and geyser-like plumes consisting of ice crystals and gases such as methane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

"They all look the same" is a common expression regarding people of other races.

The “cross-race effect” is one of the most well replicated findings in psychological research and is one reason for the disturbingly common occurrence of eye-witness misidentifications.

The causes of the cross-race effect are unclear. Some psychologists argue that inherent segregation means some people don’t have much practice with individuals of other racial groups and are thus less capable of recognizing distinguishing features. Researchers from Miami University have a different idea. They argue this effect arises from our tendency to categorize people into in-groups and out-groups based on social categories like social class, hobbies, and of course, race.