Banner
    Navy Biofuels: Strategic Thinking Or Environmental Good Works Program?
    By Hank Campbell | April 1st 2012 05:00 PM | 19 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments
    About Hank

    I'm the founder of Science 2.0® and co-author of "Science Left Behind".

    A wise man once said Darwin had the greatest idea anyone...

    View Hank's Profile
    People don't always see it , especially if social change does not move fast enough for their special interest, but the military has always been on the forefront of social issues. 

    A famous American general, John J. "Black Jack" Pershing, got that nickname because he proudly commanded the Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry - the "Negro Cavalry" as Native Americans of the 19th century called them - and Pershing didn't want it any other way.  He wanted to win and that meant the best people.

    The American military was the first to integrate the 'races' and they didn't do it because of a government mandate or a political agenda, they did it because they wanted the best people, much the same way baseball integrated to be competitive shortly thereafter.

    War considerations have always been first - that is why a military exists - so it's no surprise that some members of Congress have been going after the Navy for engaging in a spending program that looks like questionable political silliness to them, especially at a time when budget cuts have to be considered.  It didn't help that the president made energy and the military a political football in his January State of the Union address. But it needs to be considered that the military might be putting defense first by pursuing some ideas in alternative energy.

    The issue is fuel. The Navy recently spent 600% more for algae biofuels than they would for regular fuel, so the worry is they were doing it for non-military related reasons. Namely, to make the president happy.  Now, you don't ordinarily think of the military as being pro-Obama but the top echelons are political.  Secretary of the Navy Roy Mabus is a Democrat, he was a Democratic governor, he was an ambassador in the 1990s appointed by a Democratic president and he was appointed to his current job by a Democrat. Still, the idea that someone got to the top ranks of the Navy without putting the Navy first - and not environmental policies or currying political favor - has to be examined critically.  

    Navy Secretary Mabus was an ambassador to Saudi Arabia, so he likely understands the strategic value of oil as well as anyone in the military.  He may be right to contend it is in our best interests to get off of it. But how much is that worth in a time of budget worries? In December, the Navy bought 450,000 gallons of biofuels at $26.75 per gallon. Outrageous, right? Maybe, but if the Navy is going to have “the Great Green Fleet” by 2016 there has to be more research done on biofuels and that means spending money now. The first fax machine was expensive too.


    The Paul F. Foster is a decommissioned navy destroyer now used for experimental purposes, like the 17-hour voyage using Solazyme Inc.'s algae-derived biofuel, in the Naval effort to make its fleet 'greener'. Photo: U.S. Navy

    Secretary Mabus contends that even a $1 increase per barrel means $31 million in fuel costs so alternatives make sense, even if they are not cost-effective right now. And we are talking about $12 million out of a Department of Defense budget around $550 billion.  Peanuts. Heck, the new Navy destroyer is almost $6 billion each.  $12 million to promote research in alternative fuels is slight. But, as veteran Jonn Lilyea noted, it is not rational to spend $20 a gallon on an alternative to not have to worry about regular fuel changing by $1 a gallon. On the exterior, he is right.

    Yet we have to start accepting something; energy is a strategic resource.  It is not always going to be cost-effective or profitable.  The US military is not profitable.  Wheat and milk are not profitable. We take losses on those things because we can't outsource them to competitors based on the lowest bidders because it would put is in jeopardy, free market concerns aside. So the military thinking about alternatives makes sense in that regard. It also demonstrates the  cultural leadership of the military, their reputation among people who, let's face it, are never  happy unless they are complaining about the military, aside. Like American farmers, the military gets a bad rap from environmental activists.  In reality, like farmers, the military has spent two decades 'dematerializing' - between 1985 and 2006, the Department of Defence's total energy consumption declined more than 60%. That wasn't just environmental good work, it also made military and economic sense.  Environmentalists should be applauding that but they instead complain about what hasn't been done so their input has little value when it comes to strategic concerns of any country, including on energy issues.

    Mabus says algae-based biofuels “have made us better warfighters” because “for every 50 convoys we bring in in fuel, a Marine is killed or wounded.”  That part is a little patronizing. The biofuels he bought have a lower energy value than traditional fuels, which actually means more convoys and dead soldiers.  As Lilyea puts it, "if you’re going to start using my dead friends to push your boss’s energy policy on behalf of good vibes for his political base you better make damn sure you’re not doing so while spending an extra $12 million a year on fuels with lower BTUs than traditional petrol and so actually INCREASING the number of convoys required to meet our military’s energy needs." Not much more to say to that.  In other words, be honest about why you are taking an action, do not try to couch it in language of saving lives because it makes the actual people in the military angry.

    Of course, the whole idea in biofuels is growing fuel locally and that would eventually mean fewer convoys. We have to accept in biofuels what the president did not accept about solar power and therefore has been a fiasco; you can't just throw money around and speed up science, there is no shortcut and there is no magic bullet that will issue forth for energy that makes it profitable and superior all at one time.  The Navy uses 1,300,000,000 gallons of fuel per year so 425,000 in biofuels is literally a drop in the military bucket, but it may be a drop that can put us on a path to less energy dependence with countries we have ended up fighting.

    Comments

    UvaE
    What if for training purposes they reintroduce some man-powered galleys! That'll lower their eco- footprint. ;)


    Hank
    It's why I designed an awesome new eco-friendly wristwatch.  No battery required - all I have to do is wind it!
    Want more no-nonsense, independent science? Buy Science Left Behind
    rholley

     
    While at a conference dinner on board the SS Great Britain, I learned that, like the Chinese ocean-going vessel here, it was sectioned by bulkheads.
     
    Now remind me, please, what’s the name of that famous ship that didn’t have them?
     
     
    Robert H. Olley Quondam Physics Department University of Reading England
    UvaE
    Now remind me, please, what’s the name of that famous ship that didn’t have them?
    The Titanic, perhaps?
    rholley
    We’ve been getting lots about the Titanic on our local news, because she sailed from Southampton.
     
    This was on the programme a few minutes ago.  It seems she had sixteen watertight compartments, but they were flooded from the top.
     
     
    Robert H. Olley Quondam Physics Department University of Reading England
    Check your facts before forming an opinion. The 2010 fuel price to the U.S military was less than $2.40 a gallon for conventional diesel and jet fuels compared to $26.75 a gallon ($1,123 a barrel) for this biofuel . The price markup of this recent purchase amounts to more than 1,100%. This was the cheapest purchase of biofuel so far. The average price the military has paid for all its biofuels purchases is over $48 a gallon ($2,000 a barrel) for 1.3 million gallons. That happens to concidentally be a 2,000% markup. If a $1 increase per barrel costs the Navy $31 million a year. What will it cost to buy biofuel at $2,000 a barrel? This stuff only happens when people are spending other people's money.

    UvaE
    "This stuff only happens when people are spending other people's money." Unless you have someone like me in charge---I'm usually as much of a cheapskate with other people's money as I am with my own!
    Hank
    I use the example of the first fax machine but I could easily use the example of the first CD burner (1X burn speed for around $5K) - there is no way for a price ever to come down if development does not occur and what will never, ever, ever happen is that energy is profitable. Like I said, we don't require the military be profitable so dictating that fuel be profitable is silly.   We don't want to subsidize $44 billion in alternative energy companies, that is dumb, but if developers know they can get a military contract, they will do R&D to bring the cost down.  We went to the moon using the lowest bidders, so we can make green energy work - but we could never have gone to the moon if the demand was it be profitable.
    Want more no-nonsense, independent science? Buy Science Left Behind
    DOE BIOMASS PROGRAM AND ALGAE RESEARCHERS NEED TO BE INVESTIGATED!

    Solydra story is opening a huge can of worms at the DOE LOAN GURANTEE LOAN PROGRAM. Its not just about the Solar loan guarantee program. Look at all the millions in fees collected by the DOE LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM with algae projects less than 20% completed. An audit needs to be done on all DOE Biomass Program Grants to algae researchers.

    The US taxpayer has spent over $2.5 billion dollars over the last 50 years on algae research. To date, nothing has been commercialized by any algae researcher.

    The REAL question is: Does the DOE BIOMASS PROGRAM really want the US off of foreign oil or do they want to continue funding more grants for algae research to keep algae researchers employed at universities for another 50 years?

    In business, you are not given 50 years to research anything. The problem is in the Congressional Mandate that says the DOE can only use taxpayer monies on algae research, NOT algae production in the US. So far, algae research has not got the US off of foreign oil for the last 50 years!

    A Concerned Taxpayer

    ARPA-E halts algae project, citing missed milestones
    Jim Lane | February 16, 2012
    Share"In Washington, the DOE has halted a research project at Iowa State University funded by ARPA-E to develop biofuel feedstock from an aquatic micro-organism for failing to reach research milestones. About 56% of the $4.4 million grant was used. Politicians against increasing APRA-E funding as proposed by President Obama’s new budget are using it and other halted ARPA-E projects as examples to reject the program."

    "To date, nothing has been commercialized by any algae researcher."

    Solazyme Inc. just sold the Navy 450,000 gallons of their biofuel.

    sounds pretty commercial to me.

    Hank
    Bwa ha ha ... and is is apparently 600% more economically viable than diesel.  

    Sheesh, you'd think the Navy would discover how to use nuclear power and have no emissions.  Oh wait...
    Want more no-nonsense, independent science? Buy Science Left Behind
    MikeCrow
    What would you have to do to make synthetic diesel from something like vegetable oil?
    And would it be less than say twice the price of regular diesel?
    That's about $9million profit, could you build a synthetic diesel plant, and a fake algae farm for a couple million?
    Never is a long time.
    Gerhard Adam
    I've been trying to think of a way to harness Rush Limbaugh's mouth for energy, but then I realized that if it was totally unconstrained, it would probably form a black hole which would suck all of reality into it.
    The prime contractors who took us to the moon were Boeing, North American Rockwell, Rocketdyne, Grumman, McDonnell Douglas, Hewlett-Packard, Thiokol, Sperry, Raytheon, IBM, Pratt & Whitney, etc. They were the biggest and most established, not start-ups with snake oil pitches. The were under continuous scrutiny of a huge NASA bureaucracy. Obama and Chu are just writing checks to their friends.

    The military has been very interested in alternative fuels for quite some time. In 2008 when we hit $100+ per barrel, DARPA announced that they were developing biofuels from algae. The air force was planning on purchasing biofuels to supplement traditional sources of JP.

    http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/the-dewline/2008/03/
    Biofuel plant launches for USAF customer, but economic concerns linger, By Stephen Trimble on March 13, 2008

    http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/563/1/Foresight%20Brief%20-%20Seawe...
    Foresight Brief: Seaweed & Algae as Biofuels Feedstocks
    Prepared by: Innovation & Foresight and Industry Programme Managers
    Sea Change Management Unit, Marine Institute

    http://newenergyandfuel.com/http:/newenergyandfuel/com/2010/02/22/darpa-...
    DARPA Cracks the Oil Out of Algae
    February 22, 2010

    Algae as a biofuel feedstock may be political today. However, I think the military was just looking at alternatives back in 2008 (they invested a lot in coal to diesel/JP back then as well). DARPA may not be investing as much in algae to biofuel today because of the new oil finds around the world.

    Biofuels are in fact a boondoggle. But the Navy has been even further on the forefront of abiotic Fischer-Tropsch kerosene and diesel fuel synthesis from carbonic acid in seawater, which according to page 28 of this recent presentation they can do for less than a dollar per gallon at typical electricity wholesale prices.

    "The 2010 fuel price to the U.S military was less than $2.40 a gallon for conventional diesel and jet fuels compared to $26.75 a gallon ($1,123 a barrel) for this biofuel"

    $2.40 for conventional diesel. Now add the 10 TRILLION dollars we've spent keeping Sadaam, Iran and others out of Saudi Arabia the last 20 years...

    Hfarmer
    My $0.02 it's obviously political.  Just don't tell Obama that Aircraft Carriers and many other ships are in fact nuclear powered.  He would want to switch them over to solar to please his environmental extremist constituents. 
    Science advances as much by mistakes as by plans.
    Solazyme sold 450,000 gallons at at a cost of $430 per gallon. That doesn't sound commercial to me. Maybe that is why they are now trying to sell algae for cosmetics in France.