Banner
    Chitin is Pretty Cool
    By Danna Staaf | March 2nd 2011 01:04 PM | 5 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments
    About Danna

    Cephalopods have been rocking my world since I was in grade school. I pursued them through a BA in marine biology at the University of California...

    View Danna's Profile
    Eek, sorry, I kinda disappeared for a few days. There was really good powder, what can I say?

    I can at least draw a tenuous connection between driving up to the mountains and today's blog topic! If you've ever tried to change altitude with a cold, you know how much trouble your sinuses can cause. These pockets of air in our heads have to equalize with the air pressure outside our heads, or else: PAIN.

    Most of us just stick it out or pop some pseudoephedrine, but some people who suffer from recurring sinus infections require surgery to fix the condition. Unfortunately, the cure can be worse than the disease, in cases where surgery scars cause more sinus blockage and infections.

    Squid to the rescue!

    Sure it's a non sequitor, but it could be a sinus saver. A few years ago, the University of Adelaide in Australia, the University of Otago in New Zealand, and a private company with the fabulous name Robinson Squidgel Ltd. created a medical gel out of--yep, squid chitin. It was brought to my attention again recently because the American company Medtronic just bought the squid gel technology.

    Chitin is the building material for all the hard parts of a squid's body: its beak, its pen, and its sucker rings (for species that have them). But chitin is not unique to squid--it's actually more famous for forming the exoskeletons of insects, and it's also found in a number of other invertebrates. I think of it as the invertebrate's keratin.

    Chitin is so widespread and awesome, in fact, that there is a European Chitin Society dedicated to its study. Rad.

    Comments

    rholley
    Off topic, as so often, but Chemistry World came through my door today.

    In the business section, there was an item about companies marketing off-the shelf venom kits for drug development.  So you might get a selection of peptides from snakes, toads, sea anemones, scorpions, etc.

    But among the creatures pictured, I saw a blue-ringed octopus.  So cute-looking, and according to Wikipedia quite docile, but .....



    Back to topic now, chitosan is also quite interesting.
    Robert H. Olley Quondam Physics Department University of Reading England
    Danna Staaf
    Yes, chitosan is cool! In fact, I believe it was the intermediate step between the squid chitin and squid gel. Although more often it seems to be made from crustaceans.

    . . . which actually I find rather concerning. Biomedical applications are cool and all, but we're already overharvesting the seas just for food, let alone medicine. And shrimp farms are generally not very good for the environment.
    Oliver Knevitt
    Decidedly a cool compound!

    I always seem to wangle paleontology into most things I comment on(!), but it also happens to be one of the best lived chemicals in the fossil record and is by far the best protein.

    I remember being told in my zoology undergrad that we all had to memorize the structure of chitin, which as you know is pretty damn complex. A week later, and a lot of time wasted, the lecturer said "you do realise I was joking about learning the structure of chitin". Hah, bloody, hah.
    Danna Staaf
    Whoa, that's pretty neat! I wonder how much chitin is left in fossilized squid pens . . . there are enough of these pens that people have described species and tentative taxonomies from the Cretaceous, but I've never heard of chitin chemistry being studied from those pens. Hmm!

    I'm sure it was very funny to the lecturer.
    rholley
    I looked at the linked paper, and found what they are describing is a complex of chitin with protein, or rather its residue.  The material itself is considerably degraded in these fossils, hardly surprising since that are 310 and 417 millions years old.  Chitin itself is a modified carbohydrate.


    However, I can understand the difficulty anyone has in memorizing carbohydrate structures.  Even glucose I have to work out from scratch each time, starting from the datum that the beta-form (in the majority pyranose configuration) has all ring hydroxyls equatorial.

    Robert H. Olley Quondam Physics Department University of Reading England

    Add a comment

    The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly.
    • Allowed HTML tags: <sup> <sub> <a> <em> <strong> <center> <cite><TH><ul> <ol> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> <img> <br> <p> <blockquote> <strike> <object> <param> <embed> <del> <pre> <b> <i> <table> <tbody> <div> <tr> <td> <h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> <hr> <iframe><u><font>
    • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
    CAPTCHA
    If you register, you will never be bothered to prove you are human again. And you get a real editor toolbar to use instead of this HTML thing that wards off spam bots.