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    To All You Disgruntled Particle Hunters...
    By Tommaso Dorigo | June 21st 2012 11:20 AM | 23 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments
    About Tommaso

    I am an experimental particle physicist working with the CMS experiment at CERN. In my spare time I play chess, abuse the piano, and aim my dobson...

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    The tirade below (a bit over the top, admittedly, but I'm in the middle of a stressful week) is inspired by a post written today by Chad Orzel in his blog, Uncertain Principles. It is a breath of fresh air to hear that scientists outside high-energy physics (Orzel works in condensed matter) actually see things for what they are:

    I mean, it’s not an accident that there’s a lot of excitement about the maybe-sorta-kinda discovery of the Higgs. This is the product of years of relentless hype from the particle physics community. They’ve been talking about this goddamn particle for longer than I’ve been running this blog, and it’s finally percolated out into the general public consciousness enough that buzz about it can trend on Twitter. Complaining that your persistent effort to get people to care about particle physics esoterica has led to people being excited about particle physics esoterica seems more than a little churlish.

    So, lighten up. Revel in the success of your hype machine. God knows, if there were a Twitter trending topic about Bose-Einstein Condensation or anything else in atomic physics, I’d do the Happy Dance all the way down the hall. You’ve worked hard to make your elusive particle a celebrity, now reap the rewards.

    If you really can’t stand the buzz you’ve created then, I don’t know, check into the Betty Ford clinic, or lay low at L’Hermitage, or whatever it is that celebrities do to escape the spotlight. Or, better yet, hunker down in the lab and nail this discovery down so we don’t have to go through this dingbat kabuki routine every six months.


    So, inspired by Chad, here's a small questionnaire for you.

    1) Are you unhappy about people blogging and tweeting rumors about the results of your experiment ?

    2) Do you feel robbed of your hard-earned right to be the first one to tell the news on the organization of the subatomic world ?

    3) Do you hold that one should trust published results, and distrust unpublished ones ?

    4) Do you believe that new discovery rumors on blogs or tweets damage science ?

    5) Do you believe science is damaged more by the distribution of private information than by the lack of communication with the public ?

    If you have answered "yes" to all the above questions, I hold that you have got it backwards. And I can only attribute it to the following: groupthink and short-sightedness.
    You should not be proud. But you should not feel too bad, either: you are in good company - there's a large number of colleagues (the majority, certainly), all with a PhD and IQ well above 140, who have fallen in the same trap.

    So let me tell you what I think instead. Beware: I enjoy your same privileges, and I have hard-earned them as hard as you have. But for some reasons I have started blogging eight years ago, and my perspective of things have changed since then. It appeared crystal clear to me how huge was the gap in communication we had created with the general public, and yet how the internet age was offering solutions.

    Every scientist should blog about their research. Every Jane or Peter who work for the advancement of human knowledge should care just as much to push forward the top as to pull the trailing edge. The shearing of the probability density function of human understanding and care for knowledge which is caused by hard science being kept hard to reach for outsiders looks to me exactly as the widening of the distribution of wealth and well-being in the human population of the world which is caused by greed: very few individuals are becoming horribly rich, and large masses are becoming poor. The median is not moving forward! This is both immoral and stupid.

    But there are even pragmatic reasons, not idealistic ones, that should bring you to change your opinion. You should be happy that scientific news get, sometimes, promoted to the public arena and be discussed by laypeople just as eagerly as soccer matches. Because your job, and with it the progress of science itself, is eventually at stake. Remember, taxpayers pay your bills because their taxes finance basic research, but  this is not a mathematical necessity: if taxpayers get fed up of our ivory tower science, politicians will learn the lesson, and our ass will soon be grounded. If we do not get taxpayers to understand what we are doing and feel excited as we are about our progress in science, we are losing everything!

    Ah, and - I was just about to forget. One of the biggest baloney I have heard on this topic is that we should worry about "media fatigue". Media fatigue! If we "announce" unofficially some discovery too many times, people and the media will lose interest. I think there is no such a thing. If you think scientists should be concerned about the media stopping to care about their research because of that, think again. Say "dark matter" to a layman once, and he will forget. Say "dark matter has been discovered" twentyfive times, each time explaining what the thing is and why we believe this is important, and something will stick. At the end you will get people's attention -more of it, not less !

    Comments

    “He who learns but does not think is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.”
    Kong Qiu

    Tommaso, I couldn't agree more. (I actually wrote that comment for and posted it to Strassler's blog -- pedagogically helpful, but sadly paternal on the "politics" -- but it didn't appear so I cut and pasted it elsewhere.)

    Personally, I immensely appreciate the effort you make, for exactly the reasons you make it. Science is a magnificent endeavour, perhaps the only thing worth undertaking, and it's a pleasure to read about how it happens and what is being learned from those doing discovery.

    Tommaso Dorigo wrote (June 21st 2012 11:20 AM):
    > today [...] Chad Orzel [wrote] in his blog
    > | [...] hype machine

    As a being of scientific curiosity, however, I wonder if and when experimental data might allow to distinguish "observation of a Higgs boson" for instance from "observation of a W+ W- bound state" à la http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.4885 ...

    dorigo
    Hi Frank,

    finding a new signal is one thing, understanding what this is is another. The answer could well be "never" for all I know...

    Cheers,
    T.
    Tommaso,
    Physics question - or rather data analysis question - how does the overall algorithm for analysis at 7 TeV differ from that at 8 TeV? i.e., going from recorded data to some of the neat graphs that you display on your blog.

    Why would combining the results present any kind of problem?

    To my naive thinking, apart from improvements in methods over the last one year, there should be no difference in the overall algorithm.

    Thinking of 7 TeV and 8 TeV as two runs of the experiment:

    Sample bias: One kind of effect I can think of is that if I am in reality sampling sub-populations and the ratio of subpopulations has changed between two runs of the experiment and the recorded data does not weight the samples correctly but requires a correction factor. This correction factor might be different between the two runs.

    Different model: The second kind of effect I can think of that there are two different models of the physics because they are in different physical regimes, one for the first run of experiment and one for the second.

    Learning from the data: The third kind of effect I can think of is that the model of physics is the same, but there are free parameters that have to be set using (some of) the data from the run of the experiment, and these free parameters differ from the first run and second run of the experiment.

    I don't think any of these are valid in this case, and I can' t off the top of my head think of any other possibilities.

    If I was looking for MSSM in the 7 TeV data, I would look in exactly the same way for MSSM in the 8 TeV data, so having Standard Model versus MSSM versus whatever should not change the overall algorithm for data analysis.

    So what am I missing?

    dorigo
    Hi Arun,

    it is no big deal to combine the results, indeed. We are looking for a SM Higgs and we are justified in putting in any assumptions we trust. If we were looking for something different, then we might need to relax some of the assumptions about production modes and branching fractions, but that comes later.

    Cheers,
    T.
    Hank
    I certainly agree media fatigue should not be a worry of physicists.  The public, if we go by mainstream media, has an unlimited capacity to read Miracle-Vegetable and then This-Product-Will-Kill-You articles on a weekly basis.  Seeing the stops, starts, dead-ends and nonlinear nature of real scientific discovery is not a bad thing.
    Want more no-nonsense, independent science? Buy Science Left Behind
    Tommaso you are absolutely right that Media Fatigue is an absurd concept.

    Here in the USA probably the most influential TV network is ESPN
    which has multiple channels running 24/7 about sports.
    Any possible controversy (do American footballers get paid extra for injuring opponents - which high school quarterback has committed to go to university at Texas or Alabama or whatever - etc ad infinitum) is hyped to the limit and the result is that everybody in the USA is happily very well informed about, and interested in, every detail of every sport.

    If the physics establishment had the sense that God gave a goose
    then they would set up an ESPN for science, with maximum rumor/gossip/hype and explore in detail every vacuum failure at LHC and every possible physics model that could remotely be thought to be observed there with constant interviews of physicists trash-talking about each other with sports-type commentators egging them on and describing the squabbles to the public, who would then maybe become almost as interested in physics as in how to score a boxing match.

    As long as the Physics Consensus Leadership tries to be a Voice of Authority as to Truth,
    and to strangle the life out of the fun of gossip, rumors, and controversy,
    it will remain remote from the general public,
    and
    when economic austerity hits, the football World Cup will go on,
    but nobody will give a damn if the LHC upgrade is killed as dead as was the SSC in the 1990s USA.

    Now the LHC leaders have a golden opportunity to use the next two weeks to PROMOTE rumor, gossip, and argument over alternative models and methods of analysis, but they are throwing it away.

    Tony

    I know the Higgs boson is sadly known in some quarters as the God particle, but that doesn't mean scientists conducting the research into its existence have to behave like they're Moses up on the mountain and we, the people, have to wait until their glorious descent whereupon they can bestow us with their commandments.

    In case anyone might think that the world of physics might be too dull to merit its own ESPN network,
    here is an example of the sort of thing that could be on TV/webcast/youtube if LHC meetings were to be webcast/recorded/broadcast (quote from Tommaso's blog on 25 April 2007):
    "... people fighting, calling each other names, discussing philosophy, or just acting funny ... in trigger meetings. An example ?
    Melissa Franklin’s famous “F*** everybody”
    wish before walking out the door, at a CDF meeting in 1992
    when her favorite dataset was being penalized by raised calorimeter thresholds. ...".

    Tony

    dorigo
    Thanks for quoting me Tony... I have written so much stuff in this blog in the past eight years that I can't keep track of it myself.
    Cheers,
    T.
    For a humorous interlude, here’s my offering of what Dirty Higgsy had to say about all this:

    I know what you’re thinking: “Did we find five sigma, or only four?” Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement, I’ve kinda lost track myself. But being this is the LHC, the most powerful collider in the world, and would blow your mind clean off, you’ve got to ask yourself one question: “Do I feel lucky?” Well do you, punk?

    Hank
    That is brilliant, but I am not sure the international audience will get it - so for reference here is the original clip from a classic (American) anti-government movie of the 1970s:

    Want more no-nonsense, independent science? Buy Science Left Behind
    Well said. While I'm a member of an LHC collaboration I am not going to break the agreement that currently holds, but these silly paranoias about leaked results are laughable. The world would not end if the wider public came to know of preliminary results and hints and got to participate in the same excitement we do. As you say, if anything they would be more excited and there'd be more interest and funding and so on.

    The only "good" objections I can think of are internal to the physics community, and have nothing to do with the broader public. You want to keep info separation between ATLAS and CMS, and keep theorists from coming up with conveniently timed models, but in practice everyone knows that's a joke anyway. In practice people can find out about each other's rumors, and as for theorists I'm thinking of Kane's current higgs "prediction" or the earlier cases with the multi-muon CDF result (for example)

    Hank
     keep theorists from coming up with conveniently timed models, but in practice everyone knows that's a joke anyway.
    Though at least they would have models that don't sound entirely made up.
    Want more no-nonsense, independent science? Buy Science Left Behind
    @tony,hank and mr. t:

    Sorry but I do think there is such a thing as media fatigue and consumer fatigue. Unlike the ESPN example (or any other tabloid scandals) Higgs and others (dark matter, dark energy, string theory) have been hyped excessively, but not continuously and there lies the difference. Scandals and other sensationalism have a relatively short and defined life. They do not appear, die off, reappear, die off, reappear again, ad infinitum. Yet this is just what has happened with the Higgs. Consumer (read taxpayer) reaction can easily go from huh? to oh that sounds neat.. to didn't they find that already...to oh stop enough already. Even with the ESPN example, the half life before most people don't want to hear about a baseball or football scandal any more is pretty short.

    Back circa 1995 when FNAL announced to top discovery, was there the type of hype that we have seen for over a decade with the Higgs? Definitely not and we still had news papers, magazines, scientific press, tv, cable tv, etc. There was even the internet, though that was just getting started. But there was no endless pontificating about what does top mean? When will there be a top? Did they find it? What went wrong that they haven't yet found it... etc..

    Sorry to disagree but I do think the circus that has gone on with the Higgs does a disservice to science. And unlike FNAL, LHC is definitely going to suffer greatly now the public perception "oh they found it.. why are we still spending money on that machine then? Wasn't it built just to find Higgs? Mission accomplished time to pay the debt and help the ones without jobs"

    sorry the long comment

    dorigo
    Well, we obviously disagree. What is missing in your text above is acknowledgement of the masses of people that were brought from knowing nothing to being interested about basic research in elementary particle physics. For the top quark it was not a large effect - because of the unhyped nature of that event. For the Higgs, it is. If people exchange and follow tweets about the Higgs boson that does not look at all as fatigue of the topic to me ! On the contrary, it looks like people who once could not care a dime now being interested and willing to know more.

    Cheers,
    T.
    "If you don't control the Media, the Media with CONTROL YOU"

    Any professional PR person will tell you this, & certainly Media Fatigue is an example of "uncontrolled Media". I was at the 2012 CES (Consumer Electronics Show), & attended the Panasonic media event. I began to interview various people afterwards (celebrities & employees), & the PR person was upset at me. You can't have an uncontrolled release of info to the Public

    "They're [ under-educated un-informed Public ] too DUMB to understand it"
    http://www.jumplive.com/img/chilis2.jpg

    There Kooks/Idiots/Morons who will take ANYTHING (fact, slip up, etc) for their conspiracy agendas. That's why the information needs to be controlled. "Face on Mars", "blackholes in LHC" (which spawned a lawsuit!?), etc

    Hi Tommaso,

    you folks at the edge of scientific frontiers, please keep doing what you are doing (blogging), and that includes all of you. Yes, there will be disagreements and debates, but that is what makes this all so wonderful.

    I can barely remember 'f=ma' from my long past high-school days, but I have nevertheless followed astronomy/cosmology and particle physics for most of my life. I struggled (still do) mightily with mainstream concepts and analogies, such as they were presented over the last 40 years. They always tended to lead me to an unsatisfactory conclusion, the feeling that something illogical was veiling the real state of affairs.

    It is only over last 2-3 years, that I am finally getting a sense of what is truly going on. Maybe certain concepts are starting to take hold, but I believe that the discourse on the internet is starting to bear fruit. Many of you are actually making a great and successful effort to re-define concepts and analogies that make sense, if not actually finding much better methods of communicating the science just by using factual terminology.

    Maybe the video "Bottle to Bang" would be a good example:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uo60o9Y0RnE

    It starts off factually enough, but eventually ends up with animations that imply String-Theory or the sanctioning thereof.

    Nevertheless, the video made me think of how the beams were made to collide and yet allow for non colliding proton bunches to continue in their respective beam-pipes. For you folks, it might be an afterthought, but I had to dig the internet and finally found drawings of the "recombination-sections/chambers" and also came to understand the concept of a crossing angle.

    Likewise with the Higgs-Boson. Matt Strassler is doing a great job in getting that somewhat sorted, in at least providing a detailed emphasis on the Higgs field.

    It is about guiding the general public into the right direction, providing them with the correct pointers, and not some sort of esoteric theory or poorly understood fiction factoid, that "newspapers" and "journals" often do in the name of journalism.

    So, don't under-estimate the inquisitive nature of your "general public". What I learn, will make it's way (hopefully with all the caveats) to my friends, if they are willing to listen.

    But I do it on shoulders of you folks, giving us much needed insights, warts and all.

    Tommaso Dorigo wrote (06/21/12 | 16:07 PM):
    > [...] The answer could well be "never" for all I know...
    Oh.
    But perhaps, eventually, at least the question itself might become less urgent --
    if additional signals were to be found at masses (branching fractions etc.) as they'd accordingly be expected of WZ or ZZ bound states (?) ...

    dorigo
    Sorry, I am not sure I understand the question. WZ and ZZ bound states ? Can you be more explicit ? Thanks
    T.
    Tommaso Dorigo wrote (06/28/12 | 08:44 AM):
    > Sorry, I am not sure I understand the question. WZ and ZZ bound states ? [...]

    Well -- in http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.4885 ("LHC would-be $γ\,γ$ excess as a non-perturbative effect of the electro-weak interaction", which I had mentioned above, 06/21/12 | 15:52 PM) Arbuzov and Zaitsev write about "a scalar bound state of two $W$" (e.g. in the abstract), referring also (p. 2) to "bound states and resonances constituting of W-s (W hadrons)" and (p. 6) "scalar W-hadron".

    I'd assume that they refer specificly to W+ or W- gauge bosons. Then I wonder whether similar considerations might apply involving Z0 gauge bosons instead.
    (Of this there's no mentioning in that paper, however. I also realize that the letter "W" can be used in the sense of equation (1), which is related but surely different from "W boson".)

    So -- who might be able to clarify this, please? ...

    dorigo
    There are proposed theories implying new particles which could decay into WW or WZ (in the latter case, though, they would be electrically charged). But these authors are rather using the fact that the observed rate of the tentative LHC signals is twice as large as predicted in the gamma-gamma final state (or at least this they say) to try and tailor some theories around the fact. By modifying suitably the electroweak interaction they imply that one could get some attractive force between gauge bosons, which would produce those bound states. So, no Higgs, but rather a modified EW interaction. Interesting, but not too much... It is quite early to speculate, since all numbers have large uncertainties.
    Or maybe I am being naive ... Exactly because uncertainties are large one can speculate !

    Cheers,
    T.